Undalogic miniSMU MS01 2 kanaleko iturri-neurgailu trinkoa eta zehaztasun handikoa

Sarrera

miniSMU MS01-ri buruz

miniSMU MS01 2 kanaleko iturri-neurketa unitate (SMU) trinkoa eta zehaztasun handikoa da, proba eta karakterizazio elektroniko moldakorretarako diseinatua. Ikertzaile, ingeniari eta elektronika zaleentzat diseinatua, MS01-ak funtzionalitate indartsua eta eramangarritasuna uztartzen ditu, laborategiko eta landa-erabilerarako tresna aproposa bihurtuz.

Funtsezko Ezaugarri eta Onurak

• Dual-Channel Operation: Two independently controllable SMU channels allow for simultaneous testing of multiple components or comparative analysis.
• Full 4-Quadrant Functionality: Capable of both sourcing and sinking voltage edo uneko, proba-eszenatoki sorta zabal baterako malgutasuna eskainiz.
• Zehaztasun handia:
  • liburukiatagbarrutia: -12V to +12V with 1mV accuracy
  • Oraingo barrutia: -180mA to +180mA with accuracy down to 10nA across 5 sub-ranges
• Diseinu trinkoa: With dimensions of just 137x82x29mm, the MS01 is easily portable and spaceefficient in any workspace.
• Energia-aukera malguak: Operate via USB-C for currents up to 50mA or use the included 12V DC adapter for full current range.
• Konektibitate polifazetikoa: Connect via USB or WiFi 4 for easy integration into your testing setup.
• Software interfaze intuitiboa: The companion “miniSMU” software enables advanced measurements including I-V curves, stability tests, and maximum power point tracking.

Aurreikusitako erabilera eta aplikazioak

The miniSMU MS01 is primarily designed for:

• Solar Cell Characterisation: Ideal for university and R&D laboratories working on photovoltaic research and development.
• Semiconductor Testing: Characterise transistors, diodes, and other electronic components with high precision.
• Device Analysis: Perform detailed I-V curve measurements and stability tests on various electronic devices.
• Power Management Studies: Conduct maximum power point tracking for solar cells and other power management applications.
• General Electronic Research: Suitable for a wide range of electronic testing and measurement tasks in academic and industrial settings.

Eguzki-teknologiaren mugak gainditzen dituen ikertzailea, diseinu elektronikoak fintzen dituen ingeniaria edo karakterizazio elektronikoaren konplexutasunak ikasten dituen ikaslea izan, miniSMU MS01-ek neurketa zehatzak, fidagarriak eta sakonak egiteko behar dituzun tresnak eskaintzen dizkizu.

Segurtasun Informazioa

Zure segurtasuna da gure lehentasun nagusia. miniSMU MS01 bolumen txikikoetarako diseinatuta dagoen arrentage eragiketetan, ezinbestekoa da segurtasun-prozedura egokiak jarraitzea edozein proba-ekipo elektroniko erabiltzean. Mesedez, irakurri eta ulertu segurtasun-jarraibide hauek gailua erabili aurretik.

Segurtasun-neurri orokorrak

• Irakurri argibide guztiak: Carefully read and understand all safety and operating instructions before using the miniSMU MS01.
• Retain Documentation: Keep this user manual and all safety information for future reference.
• Kontuan izan abisuak: Follow all warnings on the device and in the operating instructions.
• Erabili nahi bezala: The miniSMU MS01 is designed for electronic testing and measurement. Do not use it for any purpose not specifically described in this manual.
• Proper Environment:
  • Operate the device in a clean, dry environment.
  • Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures, humidity, or direct sunlight.
  • Ziurtatu aireztapen egokia gehiegi berotzea saihesteko.
• Manipulazioa eta Garraioa:
  • Handle the device with care to avoid physical damage.
  • Use the original packaging or an appropriate protective case when transporting the device.
• Mantentzea:
  • Do not attempt to service the device yourself unless specifically instructed in this manual.
  • Jarri zerbitzu-zerbitzu guztiak zerbitzu-pertsonal kualifikatuari.

Segurtasun elektrikoaren gogoetak

• Vol. Baxuatage Eragiketa: While the miniSMU MS01 operates at low voltag(-12V-tik +12V-ra), tratatu beti beste edozein gailu elektriko bezala errespetuz.
• Elikatze-iturria:
  • Use only the provided 12V DC power adapter or a USB-C power supply that meets the device specifications.
  • Inspect power cords regularly for damage. Do not use the device if the power cord is frayed or damaged.
• Deskonexioa: In case of any abnormal operation or if you suspect a malfunction, immediately disconnect the device from its power source and any connected equipment.
• Likidoaren esposizioa: Avoid operating the device near liquids or in high-humidity environments. If liquid is spilled on the device, disconnect it immediately and have it checked by a qualified technician before further use.
• Thunderstorms: For added protection during lightning storms, or when the device is left unattended and unused for long periods, unplug it from the power source.
• Connection to Test Objects:
  • Always connect test leads to the miniSMU MS01 before connecting them to the circuit under test.
  • Disconnect test leads from the circuit under test before disconnecting them from the miniSMU MS01.
  • Ez gainditu gehienezko sarrera bolumenatagTerminal bakoitzerako zehaztutako tensioak eta korronteak.
• Deskarga estatikoa: Be aware of potential static discharge when handling sensitive electronic components. Use appropriate ESD protection measures when necessary.

Gogoratu, miniSMU MS01 funtzionamendu segururako diseinatuta dagoen arren, ezinbestekoa dela beti kontuz ibiltzea eta zentzua erabiltzea edozein ekipamendu elektrikorekin lan egitean. Funtzionamendu seguruari buruzko zalantzarik edo galderarik baduzu, jarri harremanetan gure laguntza-taldearekin jarraitu aurretik.

RF Esposizioari buruzko informazioa
Ekipo honek kontrolatu gabeko ingurune baterako ezarritako FCC erradiazioaren esposizio-mugak betetzen ditu. Ekipo hau erradiadorearen eta gorputzaren artean gutxienez 20 cm-ko distantzian instalatu eta funtzionatu behar da.

FCC

FCC abisua

Gailu honek FCC Arauen 15. zatia betetzen du.

Funtzionamendua honako bi baldintza hauen menpe dago:

1. Baliteke gailu honek ez du interferentzia kaltegarririk eragin, eta
2. gailu honek jasotako edozein interferentzia onartu behar du, nahi ez den funtzionamendua eragin dezakeen interferentziak barne.

Betearen arduradunak espresuki onartzen ez dituen aldaketak edo aldaketek ekipamendua erabiltzeko erabiltzailearen eskumena baliogabetu dezakete.
OHARRA: Ekipo hau probatu da eta B Klaseko gailu digital baten mugak betetzen dituela ikusi da, FCC Arauetako 15. zatiaren arabera. Muga hauek etxebizitza-instalazio batean interferentzia kaltegarrien aurka arrazoizko babesa emateko diseinatuta daude. Ekipo honek irrati-maiztasun-energia sortzen, erabiltzen eta igor dezake eta, argibideen arabera instalatu eta erabiltzen ez bada, interferentzia kaltegarriak sor ditzake irrati-komunikazioetan. Dena den, ez dago bermatzen instalazio jakin batean interferentziarik gertatuko ez denik. Ekipo honek irrati- edo telebista-harreran interferentzia kaltegarriak eragiten baditu, eta hori ekipoa itzali eta piztuz jakin daiteke, erabiltzaileari gomendatzen zaio interferentziak zuzentzen saiatzea, neurri hauetako bat edo gehiago erabiliz:

• Berbideratu edo lekuz aldatu antena hartzailea.
• Handitu ekipoaren eta hargailuaren arteko bereizketa.
• Konektatu ekipoa hargailua konektatuta dagoen zirkuitu desberdineko entxufe batera.
• Kontsultatu banatzaileari edo irrati/telebistako teknikari esperientziadun bati laguntza lortzeko.

Produktua amaituview

Paketearen edukia
When you unbox your miniSMU MS01, you should find the following items:

• miniSMU MS01 device
• 12V DC korronte egokitzailea
• USB-C kablea
• WiFi antena (SMA konektorea)
• Set of BNC to banana plug adapters (2 pairs)
• Erabiltzailearen eskuliburua
• Kalibrazio-ziurtagiria

Elementu hauetakoren bat falta bada edo hondatuta badago, jarri harremanetan gure bezeroarentzako arreta-zerbitzuarekin berehala.
Gailuaren diseinua eta kontrolak
MiniSMU MS01-ak diseinu trinkoa eta funtzionala du, ordenagailuz kontrolatutako funtzionamendurako optimizatua. Hona hemen laburpenaview bere diseinua eta kontrolak:

1. Aurrealdeko panela:
   • Channel 1 BNC connector
   • Channel 2 BNC connector
   • Status LED for Channel 1
   • Status LED for Channel 2
   • Intake for cooling fan
2. Atzeko Panel:
   • 12V DC barrel connector (Centre pin positive)
   • USB-C port (USB 2.0)
   • Power on/off toggle switch
   • Erabiltzailearen botoia
   • SMA antenna connector for WiFi
   • Cooling fan exhaust slots

Adierazleak eta kontrolak
miniSMU MS01-ak LED adierazleak erabiltzen ditu bere egoerari buruzko berehalako feedbacka emateko, eta ordenagailu software bidez kontrolatzen da.

1. Status LEDs (one for each channel):
   • Berde trinkoa: Channel is active and operating within normal parameters
   • Gorri trinkoa: Channel is in protection mode (current or voltage limit exceeded)
   • Desaktibatuta: Channel is inactive
2. Switch potentziala: Located on the rear panel, this toggle switch turns the device on and off.
3. WiFi Activation Button: Located on the rear panel, this button activates and deactivates the WiFi radio.
4. Computer Control: All other functions and settings of the miniSMU MS01 are controlled via the companion software installed on your computer. The device connects to your computer either through the USB-C port or via WiFi.

Understanding the layout, controls, and indicators of your miniSMU MS01 will help you set up the device correctly and interpret its status accurately. In the next sections, we’ll dive deeper into how to connect the device to your computer and use the software interface for your measurements and experiments.

Zehaztapen Teknikoak

Zehaztapenak

• liburukiatage Zehaztapenak
• Tartea: -12 V-tik +12 V-ra
• Zehaztasuna: ±(0.1% + 1.5 mV)
• Neurketaren ebazpena: 6 uV

Korrontearen Neurketa

• Tartea: -180 mA to +180 mA
• Zehaztasuna: ±(0.2% + 10 nA)
• Ebazpena: 10 pA
• Uneko tarteak: Automatically or manually selectable
  • 0 to 500 nA
  • 500 nA to 20 uA
  • 20 uA to 0.5 mA
  • 0.5 mA-tik 13 mA-ra
  • 13 mA-tik 180 mA-ra

Current Sourcing

• Tartea: -180 mA to +180 mA
• Zehaztasuna: ±(0.2% + 10 nA)
• Ebazpena: 10 pA

Potentziaren zehaztapenak

• Sarrerako potentzia aukerak:
• 5V via USB-C.
  • Oharra: SMU current limited to 50 mA in USB-powered mode by default.
• 12V via DC barrel connector
  • 12V 2000 mA AC-DC power supply included (100-240 V input)
• Gehienezko potentzia: 15W
• Irteera potentzia: Maximum 2.1 W sourced or sunk per channel

Konektibitatea

• USB-C (USB 2.0)
• WiFi 4 (802.11b/g/n)

Kanalaren zehaztapenak

• Kanal kopurua: 2
• Channel Independence: Fully independent operation. Both BNC outer shields are connected together as a common reference point.
• 4-Quadrant Operation: Yes, source and sink capability for both voltage eta egungoa

Zehaztapen fisikoak

• Neurriak: 137mm x 82mm x 29mm (Including WiFi antenna)
• Pisua: 225 g

Ingurumen-zehaztapenak

• Funtzionamendu-tenperatura tartea: 0 eta 50 °C artean
• Biltegiratzeko tenperatura-tartea: -20 eta 70 °C artean
• Hezetasun-barrutia: 10 eta 80% RH

Neurtzeko gaitasunak

• I-V curve measurements
• I-V stability measurements (periodic IV curves over long periods)
• Maximum power point tracking (for solar cells)
• Datuen erregistroa
• Transistor IDS-VDS curves
• Transistor IDS-VGS curves

Softwarea

• Sistema eragile bateragarriak:
  • Windows 7 to 11
• Sistemaren gutxieneko eskakizunak:
  • Dual-core CPU (1.8GHz or faster)
  • 4 GB RAM edo handiagoa
  • 200 MB Drive space
  • USB 2.0 konexioa
  • Network connectivity (for miniSMU on-network access)
  • TCP Port 3333 must be free to access miniSMU over a network.
• Kontuan izan: All specifications are subject to change without notice. Always refer to the most recent documentation for the most up-to-date information.

Hasteko

Atal honek zure miniSMU MS01 lehen aldiz konfiguratzeko prozesuan zehar gidatuko zaitu. Jarraitu urrats hauek arretaz zure gailuak behar bezala funtziona dezan.
Despaketatzea eta ikuskatzea

1. Carefully remove the miniSMU MS01 and all accessories from the packaging.
2. Check that all items listed in the “Package Contents” section of this manual are present.
3. Inspect the device and accessories for any signs of damage that may have occurred during shipping.
4. If any items are missing or damaged, please contact our customer support immediately before proceeding.

Elikatze-aukerak
miniSMU MS01 bi modutara elikatu daiteke:

USB-C Power

1. Locate the USB-C port on the rear panel of the device.
2. Connect the provided USB-C cable to this port.
3.  Connect the other end of the USB-C cable to a USB port on your computer or a USB power adapter.

Oharra: USB-C power is suitable for operations requiring up to 100mA per channel. 12V DC Power Adapter

For full current range operation (up to 175mA per channel):

1. Locate the 12V DC barrel connector on the rear panel of the device.
2. Connect the provided 12V DC power adapter to this port.
3. Plug the power adapter into a suitable wall outlet.

Abisua: Use only the provided 12V DC power adapter or an equivalent adapter with the correct specifications to avoid damaging your device.

Konektibitate konfigurazioa
miniSMU MS01 zure ordenagailura USB edo WiFi bidez konekta daiteke.

USB konexioa

1. Ziurtatu gailua piztuta dagoela
2. Connect the USB-C cable to the USB-C port on the rear of the device.
3. Konektatu beste muturra ordenagailuko USB ataka batera.
4. Your computer should recognise the device automatically. If prompted, allow your computer to install any necessary drivers.

WiFi konfigurazioa

1. Ensure the device is powered on and connected to a PC using a USB-C cable.
2. In the miniSMU desktop application, connect to the miniSMU’s port
3. Click the gear icon in the desktop application connection window and click “Wi-Fi Settings”
4. Click “Enable” under Wi-Fi Radio
5. Click “Scan Wi-Fi Networks” for available networks, select the appropriate network and enter the network’s password
6. Upon successful connection, the ability to automatically connect to this Wi-Fi network upon miniSMU startup can be toggled.

Software Instalazioa

1. Obtain a copy of the miniSMU desktop application from Undalogic through an email request.
2. Exekutatu instalatzailea eta jarraitu pantailako argibideei instalazioa amaitzeko.

Once you’ve completed these steps, your miniSMU MS01 should be ready for use. The next section will guide you through basic operation and how to use the software interface to control your device.

Oinarrizko Funtzionamendua

• Atal honek zure miniSMU MS01-aren oinarrizko eragiketetan gidatuko zaitu, gailua piztea eta oinarrizko neurketak egitea barne.

Piztu eta itzaltzea
Piztea:

1. Ensure the device is connected to a power source (either via USB-C or the 12V DC adapter).
2. Locate the power switch on the rear panel of the device.
3. Toggle the switch to the ON position.
4. The status LEDs on the front panel should illuminate, indicating the device is powered on.

Itzaltzea:

1. Toggle the power switch on the rear panel to the OFF position.
2. All LEDs should turn off, indicating the device is powered down.

Gailura konektatzen

• Before performing any operations, you need to establish a connection with the miniSMU MS01 either via
• USB or WiFi. Refer to the “Getting Started” section for detailed connection instructions.

Oinarrizko Aginte Egitura

• miniSMU MS01-ak komandoetan oinarritutako interfazea erabiltzen du funtzionatzeko. Komandoak software interfazearen bidez bidaltzen zaizkio gailuari. Komandoen egitura orokorra hau da:
• KANDOA [:SUBCOMMAND] [PARAMETER]
• Kontsultetarako, erantsi galdera-marka bat (?) komandoari.
• Eskuragarri dauden komandoen eta haien funtzioen zerrenda behean agertzen da.

Agindua	Funtzioa
*IDN?	Gailuaren identifikazio-informazioa itzultzen du
*RST	Gailua berrabiarazten du
SIST:ORDUA	Sistemaren ordua ezartzen du
SISTEMA: WIFI DIS	WiFia desgaitzen du
SISTEMA: WIFI ENA	WiFi gaitzen du
SIST:WIFI:AUTO?	WiFi konexio automatikoaren egoera kontsultatzen du
SIST:WIFI:AUTO DIS	WiFi konexio automatikoa desgaitzen du
SIST:WIFI:AUTO ENA	WiFi konexio automatikoa gaitzen du
SIST:WIFI:ESKANEATU?	Eskuragarri dauden WiFi sareak bilatzen ditu
SISTEMA:WIFI?	Uneko WiFi egoera kontsultatzen du
SIST:WIFI:SSID “”	WiFi SSID ezartzen du
SIST:WIFI:PASABIAGIA “”	WiFi pasahitza ezartzen du
SISTEMA:WIFI:SSID?	Uneko WiFi SSID kontsultatzen du
SIST:TENP?	Sistemaren tenperaturak kontsultatzen ditu
SOURx:CURR:PROT yy	x kanalerako korronte babes muga (yy A) ezartzen du

Agindua	Funtzioa
SOURx:CURR yy	Sets current source (yy A) output for channel x
SOURx:VOLT:PROT yy	Multzoak voltagx kanalerako e babes-muga (yy V)
SOURx:VOLT yy	Multzoak voltagx kanalerako e iturriaren irteera (yy V)
SOURx:FIMV ENA	Enables FIMV mode on channel x
SOURx:FVMI ENA	Enables FVMI mode on channel x
SOURx:DATA:STREAM ON/OFF	Enables/disables data streaming for channel x
MEASx:VOLT:CURR?	Neurriak voltage and current on channel x
MEASx:VOLT?	Neurriak voltage on channel x
MEASx:CURR?	Measures current on channel x
MEASx:OSR	Sets OSR (Oversampling Ratio) for channel x
OUTPx ON/OFF	Enables/disables output for channel x

Gailuaren identifikazioa eta berrezarpena

Identifying the Device:

1. Send the command: *IDN?
2. The device will return its identification information.
   Gailua berrezarri:
3. Send the command: *RST
4. This will reset the device to its default state.

Irteera-kanalak konfiguratzea
miniSMU MS01-ak bi kanal independente ditu, 1. kanala eta 2. kanala deiturikoak. Ordezkatu 'x' hurrengo komandoetan kanal zenbakiarekin (1 edo 2).

Ezarpena Voltage Irteera:

• Agindua: SOURx:VOLT <value>
• Example: SOUR1:VOLT 5 sets channel 1 to output 5 volts.

Setting Current Output:

• Agindua: SOURx:CURR <value>
• Example: SOUR2:CURR 0.1 sets channel 2 to output 100 mA.

Setting Protection Limits:

• liburukiatagbabesa: SOURx:VOLT:PROT <value>
• Egungo babesa: SOURx:CURR:PROT <value>
• Example: SOUR1:VOLT:PROT 10 sets the voltag1. kanaletik 10 voltiora bitarteko e babes-muga.

Enabling Output:

• Agindua: OUTPx ON
• Example: OUTP1 ON enables the output for channel 1.

Performing Basic Measurements

• Neurketa Boltage:
• Agindua: MEASx:VOLT?
• Example: MEAS1:VOLT? measures the voltage on channel 1.

Korrontea neurtzea:

• Agindua: MEASx:CURR?
• Example: MEAS2:CURR? measures the current on channel 2.

Bi bolumenak neurtzeatage eta Korrontea:

• Agindua: MEASx:VOLT:CURR?
• Example: MEAS1:VOLT:CURR? measures both voltage eta korrontea 1. kanalean.

Setting Measurement Modes
Force Voltage, Korrontearen Neurketa (FVMI) Modua:

• Agindua: SOURx:FVMI ENA
• Example: SOUR1:FVMI ENA enables FVMI mode on channel 1.

Force Current, Measure Voltage (FIMV) Mode:

• Agindua: SOURx:FIMV ENA
• Example: SOUR2:FIMV ENA enables FIMV mode on channel 2.

Datu-Streaming
Enable Data Streaming:

• Command: SOURx:DATA:STREAM ON
• Example: SOUR1:DATA:STREAM ON enables data streaming for channel 1.

Ezarri SampTasa:

• Command: SOURx:DATA:SRATE <rate>
• Example: SOUR1:DATA:SRATE 1000-k s ezartzen duampabiadura 1000 segundora arteamples per second for channel 1.

Remember to disable the output (OUTPx OFF) when you’re finished with your measurements to protect your device under test.

Mantentze-lanak eta arazoak konpontzea

Atal honek zure MiniSMU MS01 mantentzeko eta erabiltzean aurki ditzakezun arazo ohikoenak konpontzeko argibideak eskaintzen ditu.
Ohiko mantentze-lanak
While the MiniSMU MS01 is designed for minimal maintenance, following these steps will help ensure optimal performance and longevity:

1. Garbiketa:
   • Keep the device clean and free from dust. Use a soft, dry cloth to wipe the exterior.
   • Do not use liquid cleaners or solvents, as these may damage the device.
   • To remove dust from cooling fan, ensure the miniSMU is powered off. Imobilise the fan from freely spinning by carefully inserting a screwdriver to block the fan blades. Use clean, compressed air to blow off any dust from the fan.
2. Konexioak:
   • Regularly inspect the BNC connectors, USB-C port, and power input for any signs of wear or damage.
   • Ziurtatu konexio guztiak garbi daudela eta hondakinik gabe.
3. Kalibrazioa:
   • For optimal accuracy, we recommend annual calibration of your device.
   • Contact our customer support for information on calibration services.
4. Biltegiratzea:
   • When not in use for extended periods, store the device in a cool, dry place.
   • Use the original packaging for long-term storage or transportation.

Ohiko arazoak konpontzea
If you encounter issues with your miniSMU MS01, try these troubleshooting steps:

1. Device doesn’t power on:
   • Ziurtatu etengailua ON posizioan dagoela.
   • Check that the power supply (USB-C or 12V DC adapter) is securely connected.
   • If using USB power, try a different USB port or cable.
   • If using the DC adapter, ensure it’s plugged into a working outlet.
2. Unable to connect via USB:
   • Check that the USB cable is securely connected at both ends.
   • Probatu beste USB kable batekin.
   • Ensure you have the latest device drivers installed.
3. Unable to connect via WiFi:
   • miniSMU MS01 relies on multicast DNS (mDNS) to identify itself on the network, ensure UDP port 5353 is not restricted.
   • Verify that the WiFi radio is activated (Status LED should be Blue. Red indicates a failed WiFi connection).
   • Check that your computer is connected to the same network as the miniSMU MS01.
   • Restart both the miniSMU MS01 and your computer.
4. Software doesn’t recognise the device:
   • Ensure the device is powered on and properly connected (USB or WiFi).
   • Close and reopen the software.
   • Egiaztatu eta instalatu eskuragarri dauden software eguneratzeak.
5. Measurement results seem inaccurate:
   • Verify that your connections to the device under test are secure and correct.
   • Ensure you’re using the appropriate measurement range.
   • The device may need calibration. Contact customer support for assistance.
6. Channel LED is red:
   • This indicates the channel is in protection mode due to exceeding current or voltage mugak.
   • Check your device under test for short circuits or other issues.
   • Reduce the set current or voltage limits in the software.

If these steps don’t resolve your issue, please contact our customer support team for further assistance.

Ohiko galderak

• G: Erabil al dezaket miniSMU MS01 landa-probetarako?
  • A: Yes, the MS01 is designed for both laboratory and field use due to its compact size and versatile power options.
• G: Zer motatako neurketak egin ditzaket miniSMU softwarearekin?
  • A: The miniSMU software allows for advanced measurements such as I-V curves, stability tests, and maximum power point tracking.

Dokumentuak / Baliabideak

Undalogic miniSMU MS01 2 kanaleko iturri-neurgailu trinkoa eta zehaztasun handikoa [pdfErabiltzailearen eskuliburua MINISMU 2BN35, MINISMU 2BN35MINISMU minismu, miniSMU MS01 Zehaztasun Handiko 2 Kanaleko Iturburu Neurketa Unitate Trinkoa, miniSMU MS01, Zehaztasun Handiko 2 Kanaleko Iturburu Neurketa Unitate Trinkoa, Zehaztasun Handiko 2 Kanaleko Iturburu Neurketa Unitatea, 2 Kanaleko Iturburu Neurketa Unitatea, Iturburu Neurketa Unitatea, Unitatea

Erreferentziak

• Erabiltzailearen eskuliburua